Cor invisível. Paisagens de brancura e identidade racial no desenvolvimento internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35305/rea.viXXXI.216Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento internacional, racialização, antropologiaResumo
A identidade racial em relação ao campo do desenvolvimento internacional é um tópico surpreendentemente não examinado dentro da antropologia, embora amplamente explorado em relação às sociedades ocidentais multiculturais contemporâneas e às relações históricas entre diferentes partes do mundo. Neste artigo, exploro raça e brancura em relação ao desenvolvimento internacional, enfatizando a importância de analisar como a construção histórica da identidade racial continua a moldar as relações atuais de pessoas pertencentes a diferentes localizações geográficas. Para apreender a importância do desenvolvimento na vida visual e cotidiana das pessoas em diferentes partes do mundo, emprego o termo “paisagem do desenvolvimento”. Para isso, adapto a ideia de Arjun Appadurai (1996) de globalização como constituída de diferentes “paisagens” e, além disso, me pergunto como a “paisagem do desenvolvimento” é racializada.
Downloads
Referências
Abu-Lughod, L. (1990). The romance of resistance: Tracing transformations of power through Bedouin women. American Ethnologist 17(1): 41-55.
Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (notes towards an investigation). In: Lenin and philosophy, pp. 127-186. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Berg, J.T. (2008). ‘“We are on development”: Discourses and lived experiences of the ICEIDA-supported programme in Malawi’. (Unpublished MA thesis) University of Iceland.
Bonnett, A. (2000). White identities: Historical and international perspectives. Essex: Prentice Hall.
Brack, D. (2007). Introduction: Trade, aid and security: An agenda for peace and development. In: Oli Brown, M.H., Peña Moreno, S. and Winkler, S. (eds), Trade, aid and security: An agenda for peace and development, pp. 1-17. London: Earthscan.
Brodkin, K. (2007). Desire for development: Whiteness, gender and the helping imperative. Ontario Wilfrid Laurier UP.
Brodkin, K. (2000). Global capitalism: What’s race got to do with it? American Ethnologist 27(2): 237-256.
Bruner, E.M. (2005). Culture on tour: Ethnographies of travel. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Crapanzano, V. (2003). Reflections on hope as a category of social and psychological analysis. Cultural Anthropology 18(1)3-32.
Cooper, F. (2005). Colonialism in question: Theory, knowledge, history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Duffield, M. (2006 [2002]). Global governance and the new wars: The merging of development and security. London: Zed Books.
Edelman, M. and Haugerud, A. (eds) (2005). The anthropology of development and globalization: From classical political economy to contemporary neoliberalism. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Escobar, A. (1995). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Ferguson, J. (1994). The antipolitics machine. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Gullestad, M. (2002). Invisible fences: Egalitarianism, nationalism and racism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 8(1): 45-63.
Harrison, F.V. (2002). Unraveling ‘race’ for the twenty-first century. In: MacClancy, J. (ed.), Exotic no more: Anthropology on the front lines, pp. 145-166. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Harrison, F.V. (1995). The persistent power of ‘race’ in the cultural and political economy of racism. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:47-74.
Hartigan, J.J. (1997). Establishing the fact of whiteness. American Anthropologist 99(3):495-505.
Heron, B. (2007). Desire for development: Whiteness, gender and the helping imperative. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Jacobson, M. (1998). Whiteness of a different color: European immigration and the alchemy of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kiely, R. (1999). The last refuge of the noble savage? A critical assessment of post-development theory. The European Journal of Development. Research 11(1):30-55.
Loftsdóttir, K. (2002). Never forgetting? Gender and racial-ethnic identity during fieldwork. Social Anthropology 10(3):303-317.
Loftsdóttir, K. (2004). ‘This time it’s different’: Globalization, power and mobility. In: Ingimundarson, V., Loftsdóttir, K. and Erlingsdóttir, I. (eds), Topographies of globalization: Politics, culture and language, pp. 149-162. Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan.
Loftsdóttir, K. (2008). The bush is sweet: Identity, power and development among WoDaaBe Fulani in Niger. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
Loftsdóttir,K. and Björnsdóttir, Helga (2009). The ‘jeep-gangsters’ from Iceland: The merging of militaristic operations and international development. Critique of Anthropology 29(4).
Mascia-Lees, F.E., Sharpe, P., and Cohen, C.B. (1989). The postmodernist turn in anthropology: Cautions from a feminist perspective. Signs 15(1):7-33.
Nustad, K.G. 2001. Development: The devil we know? Third World Quarterly 22(4): 479489.
Moore, H.L. (1996). Passion for difference: Essays in anthropology and gender. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Mosse, D. (2005). Cultivating development: An ethnography of aid policy and practice. London and Ann Arbor: Pluto Press.
Mudimbe, V.Y. (1994). The idea of Africa (African systems of thought). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Puwar, N. (2004). Space invaders: Race, gender and bodies out of place. Oxford: Berg.
Rigby, P. (1996). African images: Racism and the end of anthropology. Oxford: Berg.
Smedley, A. (1998). ‘Race’ and the construction of human identity. American Anthropologist 100(3): 690-702.
Staunæs, D. (2003). Where have all the subjects gone? Bringing together the concepts of intersectionality and subjectification. Nora 11(2): 101-110.
Tsing, A. (2000). The global situation. Cultural Anthropology 15(3): 327-360.
United Nations Development Project (UNDP) (2005). ‘International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world.’ http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/ (accessed March 2007).
Vitalis, R. (2000). The graceful and generous liberal gesture: Making racism invisible in American international relations. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 29: 331-356.
Publicado
Versões
- 2022-12-30 (2)
- 2022-12-30 (1)
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Natalia Castelnuovo; Kristín Loftsdóttir
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
